Toxic element levels in ingredients and commercial pet foods

Toxic metals' contamination is a current concern worldwide due to its toxicity, intrinsic persistence, non-bio-degradable nature, and cumulative characteristics1,2. It is known that toxic metals occur naturally in the environment, but their presence is mainly due to anthropic action, such as agricultural activity, which includes the application of fertilizers and soil amendments; industrial activity, related to mining and metal smelting; and burning of fossil fuels, as well as the incineration of residues and products containing toxic metals3–6. Therefore, industrialization, urbanization, population growth, and agriculture are causes of pollution by toxic metals worldwide 2,7. Te soil is the most

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